Neh1
Nehemiah
gets news from Judah.
Neh1:3
“.. The
remnant there in the province who survived the captivity are in great
distress and reproach,
and the wall
of Jerusalem is broken
down and its gates
are burned
with fire.”.
Neh1:4
“... I
sat down and wept
and mourned
for days; and I was fasting
and praying
before the God of heaven...”
Neh1:6,7
“...hear
the prayer of Your servant ...confessing
the sins of the sons of Israel which we have sinned against You ...We
have acted very corruptly against You
...”
Reflects
on the way forward.
Neh1:8,9
“..the
word which You commanded ...If
you are unfaithful
I
will scatter
you among the peoples; but if
you return to Me
and keep My commandments and do them ...I
will gather
them ...”
Neh1:11
He asks God for success when he approached the King
Neh2
King
Artaxerxes notices Nehemiah’s sadness.
Neh2:2
“...So
the king said to me, “Why is your face sad ...This is nothing but
sadness
of heart...”
Neh2:3
“... I
said to the king, ...Why should my face not be sad when the city, the
place of my fathers’ tombs, lies desolate and its gates have been
consumed by fire?...”
The King
responds favorably.
Neh2:4,5
“...Then the king
said to me, "What would you request?" So I
prayed to the God of heaven.
I said to the king, "If it please the king, and if your servant
has found favor before you, send
me to Judah,
to the city of my fathers' tombs, that
I may rebuild it..."
Neh2:7,8
“...If
it please the king, let letters
be given me ...that they may allow me to pass
through
until I come to Judah, and a letter to Asaph the keeper of the king’s
forest, that he may give me timber
...”
Nehemiah
gets to Jerusalem.
Neh2:13
Inspects the walls by night.
Neh2:17
Recruits some help to rebuild the walls
Neh2:19
Gathers some opposition from Sanballat and Tobiah.
Neh3
What
started as one man’s prayer of confession, becomes a huge team
effort.
Neh.4
Sanballat
and Tobiah campaign against the work.
Neh4:2-4
“... What
are these feeble Jews doing? ...Can they revive the stones from the
dusty rubble ...Even what they are building - if a fox should jump on
it, he would break their stone wall down!...”
Nehemiah
turns to the Lord and continues the work.
Neh4:4
“... Hear,
O our God, how we are despised! Return their reproach on their own
heads and give them up for plunder in a land of captivity...”
Neh4:6
“...So we built the wall and the whole wall was joined together to
half its height, for the
people had a mind to work...”
Building
a godly existence in the face of unified resistance.
Neh4:8
The opposition increases, now falling into conspiracy status.
Neh4:9
“...But we
prayed to our
God, and because of them we set up a guard against them day and
night...”
Neh4:14
“... When I saw
their fear, I rose and spoke to the nobles, the officials and the
rest of the people: "Do
not be afraid of them; remember the Lord who is great and awesome,
and fight for your brothers, your sons, your daughters, your wives
and your houses..."
Neh4:16
Half worked, half stood guard.
Rebuilding
what has been damaged by the world takes both courage
and dedication.
Neh5
There
was great financial stress on the people.
Neh5:7
“... I consulted
with myself...”
(KJV,NASB, ESV)
Hebrew
word is malak which is “to counsel”.
NIV
translates as pondered.
He
was evaluating the facts against the truth that was in him.
Neh5:10,11
“... brothers
and ...servants are lending ...money and grain. ...usury. Please,
give back ...their fields, their vineyards, their olive groves and
their houses, also the ...the money ...grain, the new wine and the
oil that you are exacting from them...”
The
problem was a focus on “financial prosperity”, with people
striving for wealth at other’s expense.
Nehemiah
successfully changed the dynamics of the situation.
Neh6
The
enemies continue to plot.
Neh6:2
“... then
Sanballat and Geshem sent a message to me, saying, “Come, let us
meet together at Chephirim in the plain of Ono.” But they were
planning to harm me...”
Neh6:4,5
“.... They
sent messages to me four times in this manner, and I answered them in
the same way ...a fifth time with an open letter...”
Nehemiah
knows that Ono is a NoNo.
Neh6:8,9
“...Such
things as you are saying have not been done, but you are inventing
them in your own mind.” For all of them were trying
to frighten us,
thinking, “They will become discouraged with the work and it will
not be done.” But now, O
God, strengthen my hands...”
Neh6:15.16
“... the wall was
completed
...in 52 days
..all our
enemies heard
of it, and ...saw it, they lost
their confidence;
for they recognized
that this work had been accomplished with the help of our God...”
Obedience
leads to the world seeing God.
Neh7
The
genealogies are reworked - number is now 49,942
Neh7:5
“...Then my God put
it into my heart to assemble the nobles, the officials and the people
to be enrolled by genealogies. Then I found the book of the genealogy
of those who came up first in which I found the following record:..”
Neh7:66,67
“... The
whole assembly together was 42,360, besides their male and their
female servants, of whom there were 7,337; and they had 245 male and
female singers...”
Neh8
Expecting
leaders to read the Word?
Neh8:1
“... And
all the people gathered as one man at the square which was in front
of the Water Gate, and they
asked Ezra
the scribe to
bring the book of the law
of Moses which the Lord
had given to Israel....”
Neh8:3,5
“... He
read from it ...from early morning until midday, in the presence of
...those who could understand; and all the people were attentive to
the book of the law ...when
he opened it all
the people stood up...”
Posturing
as the Word of God is read!
Tradition
has people standing for the reading of the word.
Neh8:6
“... Then Ezra
blessed the Lord the great God. And all the people answered, "Amen,
Amen!"
while lifting
up their hands;
then they
bowed low and worshiped the Lord with their faces to the ground...”
Praise
- up. Worship - down.
Neh8:8
“... They
read from the book, from the law of God, translating
to give the sense so
that they understood
the reading...”
Neh8:10
“...Then he said to
them, "Go, eat of the fat, drink of the sweet, and send portions
to him who has nothing prepared; for this day is holy to our Lord. Do
not be grieved, for the
joy of the LORD is your strength..."
The
Feast of Booths is celebrated.
Neh8:17,18
“... The
entire assembly of those who had returned from the captivity made
booths and lived in them. The sons of Israel had indeed not done so
from the days of Joshua the son of Nun to that day. And there was
great
rejoicing.
He read from the book of the law of God daily, from the first day to
the last day. And they celebrated
the feast seven days,
and on the eighth day there was a solemn assembly according to the
ordinance...”
Neh9
Serious
time given to reading and confession.
Neh9:3
“... While
they stood in their place, they read
from the book of the law of the Lord
their God for
a fourth of the day;
and for another
fourth they confessed and worshiped
the Lord
their God...”
History
of God’s goodness.
Neh9:19
“You, in Your great
compassion,
Did not forsake them in the wilderness...”
Neh9:20
“...You gave Your
good Spirit
to instruct them ...manna ...water for their thirst...”
Neh9:22
“...You also gave
them kingdoms and peoples, And allotted them to them as a boundary.
They took possession
of the land...”
Neh9:33
“...You are just in all that has come upon us; For You
have dealt faithfully, but we have acted wickedly....”
History
of Man’s rebellion
Neh9:26
“...But they became
disobedient and rebelled against You, And cast
Your law behind their backs And killed Your prophets
who had admonished them So that they might return to You, And they
committed great blasphemies...”
Neh10
A
document is written and signed.
10:28,29
“...all those who
had separated
themselves
from the people of the lands to
the law of God.
..are joining with their kinsman ...to walk in God’’s law ...to
keep and to observe
all the commandments...”
Neh10:30
Won’t intermarry.
Neh10:31
Won’t do business on the Sabbath.
Neh10:31
Will honor the every seventh year land Sabbath.
Neh10:32-39
Will tithe and support the firstborn, firstfruits laws.
Neh11
Neh11:1
“... Now
the leaders of the people lived in Jerusalem, but the rest of the
people cast lots to bring one
out of ten to live in Jerusalem,
the holy city, while nine-tenths
remained in the other cities....”
Neh12
Levites
join the dedication of the wall.
Neh12:27-30
“... Now
at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem they sought out the
Levites from all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem so that
they might celebrate
the dedication with
gladness,
with hymns
of thanksgiving and with songs to the accompaniment of cymbals,
harps and lyres
...The priests and the Levites purified themselves; they also
purified the people, the gates and the wall...”
Neh12:31
“...two great
choirs...” were
appointed to perform on the wall.
Neh12:43
“...on that day
they ...rejoiced because God had given them great joy ...the joy
of Jerusalem was heard
from afar...”
Neh13
Foreigners
were excluded
Neh13:1-3
“...because they
did not meet the sons of Israel with bread and water, but hired
Balaam against them to curse them. However, our God turned the curse
into a blessing…”
Necessary
cleanup and restoration.
Neh13:4-9
Tobiah is thrown out of his illegal room in the House of God.
Neh13:10-14
Support for the Levites is restored.
Neh13:15-22
Work and trade were removed from the Sabbath.
Neh13:23-31
Mixed marriages strongly discouraged.
Neh13:25
“... So I contended
with them and cursed them and struck some of them and pulled
out their hair,
and made them swear by God, "You shall not give your daughters
to their sons, nor take of their daughters for your sons or for
yourselves...”
ESTHER:
Placing
Esther in the timeline:
BC
605
Prisoners taken captive to Babylon
586
Jerusalem destroyed.
538
1st exiles return to Jerusalem.
515
Temple completed.
486
Ahasuerus becomes king of Persia. (Xerxes 1)
479
Esther becomes
queen.
465
Artaxerxes I King of Persia.
458
Ezra comes to Jerusalem.
445
Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem.
EST1
Ahasuerus
reigned over 127 provinces.
EST1:3
“... he
gave a banquet for all his princes and attendants, the army officers
...nobles and the princes ...And he displayed the riches of his royal
glory and ...his great majesty for many days, 180 days...”
EST1:4
Proud of his riches.
EST1:5
Gives a banquet.
EST1:9
Queen Vashti also gives a banquet.
Merry
with wine, he wants to parade his queen.
EST1:10,11
“...the
king ...commanded ...the seven eunuchs who served ...to bring Queen
Vashti before the king with her royal crown in order to display her
beauty to the people and the princes...”
EST1:12
“... But
Queen Vashti refused to come ...the king became very angry and his
wrath burned within him...”
EST1:13-22
The all male gathering decides that this will set a bad precedent,
leading all women to disrespect their husbands.
EST1:19
“... let
it be written ...that Vashti may no longer come into the presence of
King Ahasuerus, and let the king give her royal position to another
who is more worthy than she...”
EST1:22
They make a decree that “...every
man should be the master in his own house...”
Vashti is OUT.
EST2
They
start looking for a replacement for Vashti
EST2:3,4
“... Let
the king ...gather every beautiful young virgin to the ...harem
...Then let the young lady who pleases the king be queen in place of
Vashti...”
EST2:5,7
“...a Jew
...Mordecai ... was
bringing up Hadassah, that is Esther
...the young lady was beautiful
of form and face,
...”
EST2:8-16
Esther “...was
taken to the king’s palace...”
found favor with the keeper of the Harem, and undergoes 12 months of
beautification.
EST2:17-20
Esther becomes Queen [no background check had been performed, and per
Mordecai’s instructions, she kept her Jewish heritage a secret].
EST2:21-23
Mordecai overhears a plot against the king, essentially saving the
king, and the event is recorded [good deed to have in the books].
EST3
Mordecai
refuses to bow to Haman.
EST3:2
“... All
the king’s servants ...bowed down and paid homage to Haman ...But
Mordecai neither bowed down nor paid homage...”
EST3:5
“...When
Haman saw that Mordecai neither bowed down nor paid homage to him,
Haman was filled with rage...”
Plotting
against all Jews. Too common in history.
EST3:6
“... Haman
sought to destroy all the Jews, the people of Mordecai, who were
throughout the whole kingdom...”
EST3:8-9
“... Then
Haman said to King Ahasuerus, “There is a certain people scattered
and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom;
their
laws are different
from those of all other people and they
do not observe the king’s laws,
so it is not in the king’s interest to let them remain. If it is
pleasing to the king, let
it be decreed that they be destroyed
...”
EST3:10-15
“...Letters
were sent by couriers to all the king’s provinces to destroy, to
kill and to annihilate all the Jews,
both young and old, women and children, in one day, the
thirteenth day of the twelfth month
...”
EST4
Mordecai
responds with humility.
EST4:1
“...Mordecai
...tore his clothes, put on sackcloth and ashes...”
EST4:3
“...there was great
mourning among the Jews, with fasting, weeping ...sackcloth and
ashes...”
EST4:7,8
Mordecai informs Esther, to bring the matter before the king.
Esther
in danger if she approaches the king unsummoned.
EST4:14
Mordecai’s famous words “...
who knows whether you have not attained royalty for
such a time as this?..."
EST4:16
Esther asks for everyone to be praying, but resigns herself to “...if
I perish, I perish...”
Will we do
what needs doing regardless of consequences?
EST5
Esther
is safely received by the king.
EST5:1-8
Invites Haman to a banquet, then schedules another.
Haman
starts a project he will not finish.
EST5:9-14
Haman gloats, but is furious with Mordecai. Wife and friends talk
him into building a gallows on which to hang Mordecai.
EST6
Why was
the king restless in the night.
God’s
intervention?
EST6:1-3
“... the
chronicles ...were read before the king. It was found written what
Mordecai ...What honor or dignity has been bestowed on Mordecai for
this?” Then the king’s servants who attended him said, “Nothing
has been done for him...”
Self
focused Haman is heading for trouble.
EST6:6-9
The king consults with Haman about how to honor someone. Haman is so
conceited he recommends what he thinks will be his.
EST6:10
“... Then
the king said to Haman, “Take quickly the robes and the horse as
you have said, and do so for Mordecai the Jew, who is sitting at the
king’s gate; do not fall short in anything of all that you have
said...”
EST6:12,13
“... Haman
hurried home, mourning, with his head covered. Haman recounted to
Zeresh his wife and all his friends everything that had happened to
him. Then his wise men and Zeresh his wife said to him, “If
Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is of Jewish origin,
you will not overcome him,
but will surely fall before him...”
EST6:14
And then it’s off to the bannquet.
EST7
The king
will grant Esther her petition.
EST7:3,4
“...Then
Queen Esther replied, “If I have found favor in your sight, O king,
and if it pleases the king, let my life be given me as my petition,
and my people as my request; for we
have been sold,
I and my people, to
be destroyed,
to be killed and to
be annihilated...”
EST7:5,6
“... Then
King Ahasuerus asked Queen Esther ...who
would presume to do thus?”
Esther said, “A
foe and an enemy is this wicked Haman!...”
It’s
over for Haman, as he reaps what he sowed.
EST7:8
Haman’s begging looks to the king like assault on Esther.
EST7:9,10
“...Behold
indeed, the gallows standing at Haman’s house fifty cubits high,
which Haman made for Mordecai who spoke good on behalf of the king!”
And the king said, “Hang him on it.” So they hanged Haman on the
gallows which he had prepared for Mordecai, and the king’s anger
subsided...”
.
EST8
Finalizing
salvation.
EST8:2
“... The
king took off his signet
ring
which he had taken away from Haman, and gave it to
Mordecai.
And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman...”
EST8:3-5
Esther again risks coming into the kings’ presence “... The
king extended the golden scepter to Esther ...If
it pleases the king
and if I have found favor before him ...let it be written to revoke
the letters
devised by Haman ...which he
wrote to destroy the Jews
who are in all the king’s provinces...”
EST8:9
“...So the king’s scribes were called ... and
it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded
to the Jews, the satraps, the governors and the princes ...to every
province according to its script, and to every people ...as well as
to the Jews ...”
EST8:11
“...the
king granted
the Jews
who were in each and every city the
right to assemble and to defend their lives,
...to destroy ...kill ...annihilate ...any people or province which
might attack them ...”
EST8:16
“...For
the Jews there was light ...gladness ...joy and honor...”
EST9
Mordecai
becomes great in the king’s house.
EST9:1
“... on
the day when the enemies of the Jews hoped to gain the mastery over
them, it was turned to the contrary so that the Jews themselves
gained the mastery over those who hated them...”
EST9:3,4
“... the
dread of Mordecai had fallen on them. ...Mordecai was great ...his
fame spread ...Mordecai became greater and greater...”
The
feast of Purim is instituted
EST9:21,22
“... to
celebrate the fourteenth
day of the month Adar, and the fifteenth
day of the same month, annually,
because on those days the Jews rid themselves of their enemies
...from sorrow into gladness and from mourning into a holiday...”
Four
main obligations (mitzvot)
k'riat
megillah - Listening to the public reading of the Book of Esther in
the evening and again in the following morning.
mishloach
manot - Sending food gifts to friends.
matanot
la'evyonim - Giving charity to the poor.
se`udah
- Eating a festive meal.
EST10
EST10:3
“...For Mordecai the Jew was second only to King Ahasuerus, and
great among the Jews and in favor with his many kinsmen, one who
sought the good of his people and one who spoke
for the welfare of his whole nation...”
Haman
served self. Mordecai served God
and people.
Mordecai
embraced being set apart. Esther showed great courage.